Ron,

You may be interested then in an article that I have just completed for The Gettysburg Magazine (hopefully for Jan 06 publishing). According to my research, artillery fire (both direct and indirect/secondary) accounted for about 26 percent of all Confederate casualties at Gettysburg, and about 13 percent of all Union casualties in the same battle. The rifled- or smoothbore musket accounted for the rest except for well under five percent from other causes, which included: bayonet, revolver, saber cut, clubbing with an inverted musket, battery implement (rammer, hand spike), thrown rock, knife, and fist. A number of officers were wounded when their horse fell from under them, but as this was due to the horse being wounded by artillery or infantry fire, this may properly be called an indirect injury.

By the way, my selection for cannon is the 3-inch rifle. But for sheer psychological value, the Whitworth is tops. Only 1-2 of these were on the rebel side at Gettysburg but the odd sound of the shell was noticed and commented upon by a large number of Union soldiers. Tom